{"id":790,"date":"2017-01-26T23:34:03","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T07:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/?p=790"},"modified":"2017-02-06T09:09:50","modified_gmt":"2017-02-06T17:09:50","slug":"philip-nelson-machine-learning-for-bio-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/?p=790","title":{"rendered":"Philip Nelson: Machine Learning for Bio Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_794\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/nelson.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-794\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-794\" src=\"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/nelson-300x243.png\" alt=\"Philip Nelson\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/nelson-300x243.png 300w, http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/nelson.png 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philip Nelson, PhD<br \/>Google Director, Software Engineering<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In March of last year, the AlphaGo computer program beat world champion (and human) Lee Sedol at the board game Go. The program\u2019s success reflected the significant progress that machine learning research has made in recent years. However, AlphaGo was just one example of what can be achieved with machine learning. On January 12th, Google director Philip Nelson discussed some recent and ongoing work by his team to advance the applications of machine learning in the field, particularly its role in biomedical research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The general approach taken in machine learning programs is developing a deep neural network from a large training data set that subsequently can be used to describe new data. Deep neural networks are composed of thousands of interconnected nodes whose weights are updated as the network \u2018learns\u2019 from the inputs.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Philip provided examples of several Google products that apply machine learning techniques by taking advantage of the massive amounts of data they process. These include the following, which you can click to learn more about:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/vision\/\">Image feature recognition<\/a>:\u00a0Identifying objects or locations in photos<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/speech\/\">Speech recognition<\/a>: Converting from audio information to text<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/gmail\/computer-respond-to-this-email\/\">Smart Reply for Inbox<\/a>: Auto-generating simple responses to email<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=06olHmcJjS0\">Combined vision\/translation<\/a>: Translating and superimposing text on real world signs<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/research.googleblog.com\/2015\/06\/inceptionism-going-deeper-into-neural.html\">Deep dream<\/a>: Understanding the inner workings of artificial neural networks<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/862r3XS2YB0?t=1h50m33s\">Robotics<\/a>: A mechanical arm learning how to pick up objects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Following these examples, Philip described a recent success that Google has had with diagnosing diabetic retinopathy, an eye complication typically assessed manually by ophthalmologists. What Philip&#8217;s team did was develop a neural network that could reliably detect the disease when provided with a retinal image. Similar algorithms are in the works to allow for cell screening (i.e. live\/dead cell identification) as well as identifying breast cancer metastases in lymph nodes.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these diverse examples of machine learning\u2019s usefulness, challenges still remain. Philip addressed some of these concerns through audience questions. At a fundamental level, the neural networks are only as good as their training set. As a result, they may reflect the biases inherent in the original data. Innocently, this can be seen in movie recommendations that do not expand your taste, and more dangerously this could result in racial profiling. Thus, a key challenge for these algorithms is getting good, representative data with which to train.<\/p>\n<p>Even with these open questions in the field, it is not hard to see the immediate impact that Google\u2019s work can have. Using\u00a0the diagnostic tools, for example, remote areas can be given access to expert-level assessment through a \u2018Doc in a Box\u2019, reducing the need for the physical presence of a doctor. The moral responsibilities of applying machine learning can be addressed in parallel to its continued development.<\/p>\n<p>Additional Resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/topics\/machine-learning\/what-we-learned-in-seoul-with-alphago\/\">Lessons from AlphaGo<\/a>, discussing the aftermath of AlphaGo&#8217;s winning match.<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.17216\">recent paper<\/a> from Google, in collaboration with the medical field, that applies AI for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy<\/li>\n<li>Interested in a career with Google? Contact UCSB\u2019s Google recruiting team (Erica and Zack) at ucsbstudents@google.com<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In March of last year, the AlphaGo computer program beat world champion (and human) Lee Sedol at the board game Go. The program\u2019s success reflected the significant progress that machine&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[56],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=790"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":846,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790\/revisions\/846"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gsds.mrl.ucsb.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}